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Comparable Factors for a Reputable Course - 550 Words

Comparable Factors for a Reputable Course (Essay Sample) Content: Comparable Factors for a Reputable CourseJames Odhiambo3 October 2013OUTLINE 1 Introduction * Reasons For Career Preference * Trends 2 Factors Determining Choice Of Courses 3 ConclusionComparable Factors for a Reputable CourseEssentially, there are a number of factors considered before concluding to the choice of a course by a student. It is notable that, most students make decisions due to parental wishes, university costs or even location of friends. However, it is imperative for real examination of the detailed structures and systems of the universities courses, the economic environment, personal ambitions, curriculum systems, institutional size, and academic pressure. When a student has been showing consistent interest in a given field of study, it is normally realized that he/she is likely to take it up in advanced stages since the college content is just an advanced development of the preceding syllabus. This supports the fact that academic interest and the dept h of attitude remains the common denominator among the learners in different colleges across the world (Muratori 46-8). These factors depend on the universal perceptionThere have been cases where students take some time in their life in order to discover their potential. In such cases, the students would prefer a specific course that would measure up to the career choice. In this s...

Mesopotamian And Ancient Egyptian Are Two Very Comparable

Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian are two very comparable cultures. There are similar and differences in regards to their Government, Law, Writing, Cities, Religion, Jobs, and Technology. This is reflected in their literatures, Epic Gilgamesh, and the Story of Sinuhe. Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Sinuhe in the Story of Sinuhe are important characters that outline the perspective of an ancient society’s. The Epic of Gilgamesh was a story completely written in cuneiform. The author for this Epic poem is unknown and remains a mystery. According to, Spar, â€Å"Some time in the twelfth century B.C., Sin-leqi-unninni, a Babylonian scholar, recorded what was to become a classic version of the Gilgamesh tale (p.6).† The main character of†¦show more content†¦Throughout his life in Southern Syria, he quickly became a rich wealthy person who raises a family and establishes land. However, during his midlife, he quickly grew unhappy. Something in him was missing and that was his original home, Egypt. Eventually, he returns to Egypt. Lucky for him the king forgave him and ended up being buried in Egypt. When comparing the two characters, there were important events that changes the character’s personality. Gilgamesh’s attitude in the Epic of Gilgamesh completely changed when Enkidu came to his life. His tyrant attuite change when Enkidu was around. Unlike the Story of Sinuhe, Epic of Gilgamesh included Gods to help explore more human behavior. For example, they used Ishtar, goddess of fertility to weaken Gilgamesh and lead him to expose more of his human characteristics by looking for immorality. After Ishtar subjected herself to Gilgamesh in which he rejects by saying† What could I offer the queen of love in return, who lacks nothing at all? Balm for the body? The food and drink of the gods? I have nothing to give to her who lacks nothing at all. You are the door through which the cold gets in†¦.† (Tablet VI). Gilgamesh is showing how the friendship of Enkidu is changing the way he evaluates things and points out his evidence as to why he should not e ngage with her. This angers her and she made her father curse Enkidu which lead Enkidu to die. Similar to Sinuhe’sShow MoreRelatedSimilarities in the Artwork of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece941 Words   |  4 Pages The artworks of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece have similarities that not only reflect objects and images, but also the media, style and representation. These countries were not always wealthy, clever, creative and powerful enough to gain supplies, but they all find a way to create art with what they had. They have all influenced on each other’s cultures and belief through their artistic values and ways, ranging from the materials and tools they use, positionRead MoreMyths And Poems Of Mesopotamia And Egypt920 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient World Views 1. Can you identify key cultural themes expressed through the myths and poems of Mesopotamia and Egypt? How do the mythopoeic system of thought and their respective environments establish those themes? Violence, with an evil undertone is expressed in â€Å"The Epic of Creation†. The telling of the creation of Marduk is to incite fear as Marduk is not similar to the humans that are telling this myth; he is a beast of the forces that created him. The chaos of the gods, the war, andRead MoreThe Most Influential Innovators Of The Ancient World Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesMesopotamia was once a vast fertile, green landscape with two mighty rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, running from the north to the south flowing into the Persian Sea. Sandy river valleys covered most of the south and mountain ranges dotted the north. This land was also known as the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamia is one of the first major of civilization along with others that sprung up along major rivers around the world at approximately the same time. Mesopotamia was home to the SumeriansRead MoreCompare Contrast Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia: A Compare and Con trast Essay Com/170 Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia: A Compare and Contrast Essay Ancient Egypt, known as â€Å"The Gift of the Nile,† and ancient Mesopotamia, known as the land â€Å"Between the Rivers,† were the first two civilizations developed by mankind. Not only this is a double-negative that you do not need.] These were they the first civilizations to form, andbut they were also the first river-valley civilizations using theRead MoreEgyptian Lion With Persian Treatment ( Ca ) Essay2533 Words   |  11 PagesEgyptian Lion with Persian Treatment (ca.619-629 B.C) Tamer Fahim and Mofida el Wishay Fayoum University - Suez Canal University Abstract It is worth noting that the Egyptians regarded the animals with much more interests this concern reflect on the life of Egyptian and their relation of the domestic and wild animals. The Egyptians represented all aspect of animals though the scenes of tombs such as bringing up, give birth, feeding and others. These scenes reproduced on artifacts were actuallyRead MoreAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 PagesLIBERTY UNIVERSITY THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS JOHN, N. OSWALT A SUMMARY PAPER OF THE TEXT ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN THOUGHT AND THE OLD TESTAMENT SUBMITTED TO DR. RANDY G. HANEY DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY BY 03 MARCH 2013 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND METHODS 3 CHAPTER 2: COMPARATIVE STUDIES, SCHOLARSHIP, AND THEOLOGY 6 CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 10 CHAPTER 4: THE GODS 14 CHAPTER 5: TEMPLES AND RITUALS 19 CHAPTER 6: STATE AND FAMILYRead MoreGender Roles Throughout History Essay2281 Words   |  10 Pagesinfluenced the gender roles of men and women, changing them based on the development of their new lifestyle. The main gender role difference between the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age was male domination. Although men became much more dominant of the two genders, women were still treated with respect. Because of the size and strength advantage men had over women, men were responsible for most of the hard manual labor, while women were given roles more suited for their weaker and nurturing nature. MenRead MoreWorld History hw essay22316 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Korey Neal Dr. Eric Mayer World History to 1500-51337 February 24, 2015 Rise of Civilizations Egypt and Mesopotamia were two civilizations existing during the time period of 2000-1200 BCE. These civilizations were shaped by their environment, involved with trade, and faced changes in government after the 100 year drought; however, they differed in that Egypt was shaped by the Nile, traded goods for goods and changed their outlook on the pharaoh who was ruler of all; whereas, Mesopotamia was shapedRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 PagesHOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices? EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION page 23 WHY DID large territorial states arise in ancient China? THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION IN THE AMERICAS page 27 HOW DID agriculture influenceRead More The History of Math Essay4790 Words   |  20 Pagesoperations by which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and properties may be deduced. In the past, mathematics was regarded as the science of quantity, whether of magnitudes, as in geometry, or of numbers, as in arithmetic, or of the generalization of these two fields, as in algebra. Toward the middle of the 19th century, however, mathematics came to be regarded increasingly as the science of relations, or as the science that draws necessary conclusions. This latter view encompasses mathematical or symbolic

Supply Chain Management Saudi Electricity

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain Management for Saudi Electricity. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to analyse effective supply chain management for a Middle East company. Saudi Electricity has been taken as case study. This company generates, transmits and distributes electric power in Saudi Arabia (Se.com.sa, 2016). This company tries to keep good relation with its partners, customers and the suppliers. Supply chain management practice becomes complex while maintaining large scale of operation (Christopher, 2016). Effective supply chain management improves performance of the organisation. Due to uncertainty in business environment, supply chain management has been challenging for the organisations. Hence, possible challenges that may be faced by Saudi electricity are discussed in this report. Considerations in creating effective supply chain management Supply chain of Saudi Electricity Company is as follows: Figure 1: Supply chain of Saudi Electricity Company (Source: Stadtler, 2015) Choosing right supplier Identification of effective supplier is important aspect of supply chain management. Right supplier increases Companys sourcing leverages and provides an opportunity to the company to evaluate alternative suppliers across the geographical area. There are several ways that can be followed by the company. In the view of Seuring (2013), traditional method of choosing suppler is tedious and time consuming. Hence, use of sourcing tool may be effective to engage with the suppliers. These tools set some parameters for choosing right suppliers. Supplier on boarding Availability of information and knowledge is essential for effective supply chain management. As stated by Barney (2012), supply on boarding is the process to equip potential suppliers with required knowledge and behaviour for effective supply chain management. The supplier is required to submit documents and certificate regarding company registration, insurance and quality certificate. Rushton, Croucher Baker (2014) opined that automating on boarding process is less costly and less time consuming. Inventory management Inventory of Saudi Electricity are raw materials, cash and others. As mentioned by Yue, You Snyder (2014), effective management of inventory optimises the supply chain. Bullwhip effect is seen in the supply chain. Bolstorff (2015) stated that due to this effect, variability in demand increases with moving up the supply chain. This process can distort information flow through the supply chain. Bullwhip effect increases supply chain inefficiencies. As the consumer demand is not stable, businesses keep a certain level of inventory to meet consumer demand while moving up the supply chain from raw material supplier o the consumers. Use of technology Development of technology enables Saudi Electricity to get information easily with in supply chain. Technologies are helpful in coordinating different activities of supply chain such as customer relation, supplier relation, production and distribution. Computer, data recognition equipment and communication technology help in supply chain management. Technological development adds competitive advantage to the company through electronic data interchange. Technology improves customer services recording electricity usage by different customer groups. Payment of electricity bill, providing several information such as change in company rule, offers become easier through use of technology (Christopher, 2016). Collaboration Collaboration with other companies is effective in supply chain management. Partnership with other firms regarding finance, supply of raw materials and marketing support are helpful for improving supply chain management of Saudi Electricity. Saudi Electricity tries to maintain good relation with the partners by preparing a code of document for both the company and the partners. This document includes property rights of the company. This company provides shared services to all subsidiary company through service level agreement (Se.com.sa, 2016). Other considerations There are other aspects in the company which are required to consider for effective supply chain management. Those aspects are accurate market analysis and demand forecast, undertaking development strategies, internal strength, weakness and, opportunity analysis, plan executive strategy (Bolstorff, 2015). Figure 2: Supply chain management strategies (Source: Bolstorff, 2015) Possible challenges Disruption in supply Electric supplier such as Saudi Electricity may face disruption in electricity supply due to natural disasters. Supplies are needed to shut down at that time, which causes loss in business. Therefore, this company needs to find alternative supply sources in order to ensure business continuity. Possible challenge that can be faced in this case is taking long time to build up relation with the prospective supplier. It is a cumbersome process to validate an evaluate supplier (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014). Qualification of suppliers If unscrupulous suppliers of raw materials enter into the supply chain, there will be question regarding quality of service to the consumers. Moreover, chances of wastage increase along with the increasing cost (Yue, You Snyder, 2014). Costs The company may face inventory management cost in terms of capital cost, storage space cost, inventory service cost. Moreover, installing new technology for improving supply chain management increases cost of operation of the company. This may impact the pricing policy of the company. Change in price can affect the demand for electricity for this company (Barney, 2012). Recommendations Implementation of supplier management solution can be a solution to overcome challenges regarding choosing right suppliers. The sourcing team of Saudi Electricity needs to be careful about the fraudulent suppliers supplying substandard raw materials. It is recommended to Saudi Electrics to keep transparency for efficient supply chain management. Continuous improvement is required for the SCM. Conclusion The report has analysed several aspects of supply chain management of the chosen company. Saudi Electricity supplies electricity all over the Saudi Arabia. Hence, it has monopoly power in this country. Supply chain management practices improve operational efficiency of the company. Relations with supplier, customers and other partners are important criteria for the supply chain management. The company may face several challenges during SCM. Challenges and possible recommendations have been discussed in this study. References Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Bolstorff, P. (2015). The Seven Principles of Effective Supply Chain Planning. Apics.org. Retrieved 6 December 2016, from https://www.apics.org/sites/apics-blog/think-supply-chain-landing-page/thinking-supply-chain/2015/05/20/the-seven-principles-of-effective-supply-chain-planning Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Se.com.sa. (2016) Corporate social responsibilities. Retrieved 6 December 2016, from https://www.se.com.sa/en-us/pages/corporateresponsibility.aspx Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), 1513-1520. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Yue, D., You, F., Snyder, S. W. (2014). Biomass-to-bioenergy and biofuel supply chain optimization: overview, key issues and challenges.Computers Chemical Engineering,66, 36-56.

King Lear Essays (1182 words) - King Lear, British Films

King Lear King Lear King Lear, by William Shakespeare, is a tragic tale of filial conflict, personal transformation, and loss. The story revolves around the King who foolishly alienates his only truly devoted daughter and realizes too late the true nature of his other two daughters. A major subplot involves the illegitimate son of Gloucester, Edmund, who plans to discredit his brother Edgar and betray his father. With these and other major characters in the play, Shakespeare clearly asserts that human nature is either entirely good, or entirely evil. Some characters experience a transformative phase, where by some trial or ordeal their nature is profoundly changed. We shall examine Shakespeare's stand on human nature in King Lear by looking at specific characters in the play: Cordelia who is wholly good, Edmund who is wholly evil, and Lear whose nature is transformed by the realization of his folly and his descent into madness. The play begins with Lear, an old king ready for retirement, preparing to divide the kingdom among his three daughters. Lear has his daughters compete for their inheritance by judging who can proclaim their love for him in the grandest possible fashion. Cordelia finds that she is unable to show her love with mere words: "Cordelia. [Aside] What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be silent." Act I, scene i, lines 63-64. Cordelia's nature is such that she is unable to engage in even so forgivable a deception as to satisfy an old king's vanity and pride, as we see again in the following quotation: "Cordelia. [Aside] Then poor cordelia! And not so, since I am sure my love's More ponderous than my tongue. " Act I, Scene i, lines 78-80. Cordelia clearly loves her father, and yet realizes that her honesty will not please him. Her nature is too good to allow even the slightest deviation from her morals. An impressive speech similar to her sisters' would have prevented much tragedy, but Shakespeare has crafted Cordelia such that she could never consider such an act. Later in the play Cordelia, now banished for her honesty, still loves her father and displays great compassion and grief for him as we see in the following: "Cordelia. O my dear father, restoration hang Thy medicine on my lips, and let this kiss Repair those violent harms that my two sisters Have in reverence made." Act IV, Scene vii, lines 26-29. Cordelia could be expected to display bitterness or even satisfaction at her father's plight, which was his own doing. However, she still loves him, and does not fault him for the injustice he did her. Clearly, Shakespeare has crafted Cordelia as a character whose nature is entirely good, unblemished by any trace of evil throughout the entire play. As an example of one of the wholly evil characters in the play, we shall turn to the subplot of Edmund's betrayal of his father and brother. Edmund has devised a scheme to discredit his brother Edgar in the eyes of their father Gloucester. Edmund is fully aware of his evil nature, and revels in it as seen in the following quotation: "Edmund. This is the excellent foppery of the world, that when we are sick in fortune, often the surfeits of our own behaviour, we make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and stars; as if we were villains on necessity; fools by heavenly compulsion; knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance; drunkards, liars, and adulterers by an enforced obedience of planetary influence; and all that we are evil in, by a divine thrusting on. ... I should have been that I am, had the maidenliest star in the firmament twinkled on my bastardizing." Act I, scene ii, lines 127-137, 143-145. Clearly, Edmund recognizes his own evil nature and decides to use it to his advantage. He mocks the notion of any kind of supernatural or divine influence over one's destiny. Edgar must go into hiding because of Edmund's deception, and later Edmund betrays Gloucester himself, naming him a traitor which results in Gloucester's eyes being put out. Edmund feels not the slightest remorse for any of his actions. Later on, after the invading French army has been repelled, Lear and Cordelia have been taken captive and Edmund gives these chilling words to his captain: "Edmund. Come hither captain; hark. Take thou this note: go follow them to prison; One step I have advanced thee; if thou dost As this instructs thee, thou dost make thy way To noble fortunes: know thou this, that men Are as the time is: to be tender-minded Does not become a sword: thy great employment Will not bear question; either say thou'lt

Brand Loyalty Depends On Brand Elements The WritePass Journal

Brand Loyalty Depends On Brand Elements Introduction Brand Loyalty Depends On Brand Elements IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction A brand is a design, term, name, or any feature used to identify the products or services of a seller from the ones of other sellers in the market (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978). Although there is a large body of research on brand loyalty in marketing literature, the relationship between brand loyalty and brand elements has not always been well documented or understood. In this essay, the contention of whether brand elements play a significant role in influencing the loyalty of consumers shall be raised. First, a definition of brand loyalty and brand elements will be outlined, followed by arguments for and against the claim that brand loyalty is dependent on brand elements. In so doing, this essay will draw on marketing and consumer behaviour literature as well as case studies from well-known brands to illustrate the arguments. Brand loyalty has been considered as the conscious or unconscious decision of a consumer to continually repurchase a brand (Keller, 2007).   Brand loyalty has always represented one of the top priorities for a brand. Brand giants such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi for example, frequently bring out brand loyalty promotions such as â€Å"My Coke Rewards† and â€Å"Pepsi Stuff† in order to retain its committed consumers (Dick and Basu, 1994). Conversely, brand elements refers to the different components that make up a brand. These can include both internal and external elements. Internal elements, for example, include brand personality and promise whilst external elements refer to associations, image and positioning of a brand. Building from these two key concepts, it may be argued that brand loyalty can only be achieved if a number of effective brand elements are firmly in place. Some have argued that external elements such as brand positioning are critical in cultivating trust between the consumers and the brand (McCole, 2004). Brand positioning refers to the aspects of the brand used in the specialization of the organization, its target market, the unique value of the company and the benefits a consumer would acquire from buying its products and services.   Brand positioning also expends effort in differentiating a company over competitors. It is therefore possible that it is only once a consumer acquires greater knowledge and clarity of a company’s specialization, unique value and potential benefits, that he/she will be more likely to repurchase the product and therefore ensuring brand loyalty (Aaker, 1995). In a similar vein, the element of brand promise can also be seen to play a major role i n brand loyalty. Brand promise refers to the particular element that consumers expect to be delivered by the company each time the consumer purchases an item and/or service. By this definition, brand promise is a multi-level element as it involves factors such as expectation, interaction of employees to meet these outcomes and delivery (Cowley, 1991). If each of these elements is in place, consumers are much more likely to express loyalty to the brand. An additional argument that supports the claim that brand loyalty is dependent on brand elements can be drawn from examining one of the internal elements; brand personality. Every brand can be said to carry its own unique brand personality. Brand personality personifies the brand in terms of human characteristics and traits (Kapferer, 2008; Aaker, 1995). A brand without personality and warmth, for example, is likely to garner zero loyalty from consumers and will be much more sensitive to prices (Uncles Goodhardt, 2004). A positive and distinctive brand personality on the other hand, is much more likely to elicit favourable outcomes such as increased preference, usage and loyalty (Aaker, 1997). There is a well-established body of literature that highlights that a clear brand personality not only enhances brand preference but improves loyalty (Kressman et al 2006) but also allows consumers to express and project their ideal selves to others (Belk, 1988). The brand becomes an extension of the consumer’s self. Brand personality, can therefore be shown to play a critical role in allowing consumers to connect on a personal level with a brand and hence be more likely to leave a long-lasting positive imprint that leads to repurchase and gradually builds up brand loyalty. However, it may also be argued that brand loyalty can also be build up, independent of brand elements. This argument focuses on the importance of strategy, rather than brand elements. An example to illustrate the importance of strategy can be seen from the changes that have occurred in marketing over the last decade. For example, due to the advances of web 2.0 and social networks, traditional marketing practices of examining consumer trends, conducting focus groups and assessing demographics have been supplemented by social media marketing on social networks, videos and blogs. The number of companies and businesses leveraging the social network platform to connect with consumers via fan pages is increasing every day and global companies such as Coca-Cola, Mercedes-Benz, Starbucks, Disney, New York Times, Red Bull, to name a few, are now prominent fixtures on social networks. Coca-Cola, for example, allowed two of its fans who created the brand’s Facebook fan page to continue t o manage it on Facebook. It is not surprising therefore, that Coca-Cola has now amassed over thirty-four million Likes worldwide. Starbucks has similarly demonstrated the importance of a social media marketing strategy in the creation of â€Å"My Starbucks Idea†, a site that allows consumers to submit suggestions that are reviewed and often implemented. As market research has indicated that more than 80% of individuals who â€Å"Like† a brand or product on Facebook are loyal consumers (DDB Worldwide, 2010), new strategies of social media marketing and innovative fan pages are increasingly becoming important in the success of a brand. Elements such as brand image and personality may have been important ten years ago, but brand loyalty can now be independent. One may also adopt a perspective that unites the opposing arguments and postulates that brand elements are important, but not requirements of brand loyalty. Instead, a number of other factors are important such as in the case of â€Å"Spurious Loyalty† in which customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints or out of convenience. Moreover, it has also been suggested that brand loyalty contains a considerable degree of pre-dispositional commitment towards a brand that has nothing to do with the brand elements (Punniyamoorthy and Raj 2007). As there are no specific theories and approaches that address the question of brand loyalty and brand elements, it is difficult to provide a definitive answer. However, over the course of the essay, it has become apparent that brand elements do play a pivotal role in brand loyalty and that consumers are likely to repurchase a brand because they perceive the brand to serve their product needs by offering the right features of the product, price, quality and image as well. However, it has also become clear that brand loyalty is grossly influenced by decisions that take place independent of brand elements. In conclusion, a balance between both arguments would definitely be most effective for addressing the claim. In the future, a greater body of work is necessary to aid researchers, scholars and marketers to come closer to understanding the multi-dimensional nature of brand loyalty. References Aaker, D. 1995. Building Strong Brands, Free Press, New York. Belk, R. W. 1988. Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, pp. 139-168. Cowley, D. 1991. Understanding Brands, Kogan Page, London. DDB Worldwide OpinionWay Survey. Facebook and Brands. October 2010. Dick, A. S. and Basu, K. 1994. Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22, pp. 99-113. Jacoby, J. Chestnut, J. 1978. Brand Loyalty: Measurement Management, Wiley, New York. Kapferer, J. 2008. The New Strategic Brand Management, Kogan Page, London. Keller, K. 2007. Strategic Brand Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Kressmann, F., Sirgy, M., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., and Lee, D. 2006. 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